Challenges of Tracking, Telemetry, and Command（TT&C）in Near-Earth Object（NEO）Defense

Combining the practical needs for future implementation of near-Earth object (NEO) defense, starting from the new requirements and problems faced by the measurement and control system, the differences between near-Earth object defense missions and conventional asteroid exploration missions as well as the mission requirements of their response systems analyzed, and research was conducted on the technical challenges in such aspects as orbit measurement and determination of near-Earth objects, improvement of space-ground data transmission capability, rapid ground data processing, on-orbit software reconstruction of spacecraft, and efficient command, control and collaboration among multiple departments. Finally, relevant recommendations for systematic solutions were put forward from three aspects: comprehensively enhancing the capability of the ground-based deep space TT&C network, improving the capacity of the asteroid defense mission center in a systematic manner, and establishing an efficient command and coordination mechanism through multi-department collaboration.