Observational Research of Near Earth Asteroid 2024 XA1

This study adopted image processing methods for trailed target and Gaia DR2 catalog data to determine position and brightness of near-Earth asteroid 2024 XA1. Combined with the data from Minor Planet Center（MPC）, orbital calculations revealed that near-Earth asteroid 2024 XA1 impacted at 16:14:48 UT on December 3, 2024, at coordinates 60.85°N, 118.49°E. The absolute magnitude of near-Earth asteroid 2024 XA1 was 32.98～33.14 corresponding to a diameter of 0.76～0.82 meters with an albedo of 0.15. As a targeted observation experiment for hazardous asteroids, the methodology and data processing techniques developed in this study can be applied to planetary warning and defense missions in future.