Progress in Lunar Space Weather Detection and Research

The stable celestial geological structure, the suitable distance from the Earth to the Moon, and no dense atmosphere and global magnetic field make the Moon a natural and excellent laboratory for the monitoring and research of the Sun-Earth-Moon space weather. This paper reviews the progress of lunar space weather detection and research, and surveys the key scientific problems of lunar space weather and the problems of its prediction application, proposes the concept of the Moon-based space weather monitoring station, set up the specific scientific objectives of the monitoring station, and finally introduces its three major systems and the relationships among them, including the monitoring system, the scientific research system, and the modeling and forecasting system. The establishment of a Moon-based space weather monitoring station is of great scientific significance for studying the mechanism of solar eruptions, the coupling of the Sun to the Earth and the Moon, and the local variations of the Moon’s environment. It will also promote the development of lunar space weather modeling and prediction technologies and improve the capability in providing space environmental safeguard services for future lunar explorations.