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| 近地小行星采矿与防御计划发展现状 |
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邱成波1,2, 孙煜坤1,2, 王亚敏1,2, 蒋峻1,2, 陈昕1,2
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1.中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院, 上海 200120;2.中国科学院微小卫星重点实验室, 上海 201210
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| 摘要: |
| 近地小行星交会、绕飞、着陆与采样返回技术经过数10年的发展日趋成熟。美国的OSIRIS-Rex对C类小行星进行特征分析与采样，日本宇宙航空研究开发机构的“隼鸟-2号”任务目的是小行星深层采样。美国国家航空航天局（NASA）和欧洲空间局（ESA）的小行星探测任务开始转向行星防御领域。NASA的ARM（Asteroid Redirect Mission）计划是开展小行星抓捕与轨道重定向，ESA联合NASA提出了小行星撞击与偏转评估计划，拟对双星系统开展撞击实验，为行星防御提供技术积累。此外，行星资源公司和深空工业公司分别规划了小行星商业采矿的蓝图，并已开展相关的在轨技术验证。对近地小行星的探测历程进行了回顾，重点介绍了OSIRIS-Rex、“隼鸟-2号”、NASA和ESA的行星防御计划及小行星采矿公司的商业采矿战略规划，总结了未来开展行星防御与采矿的关键技术。 |
| 关键词: 近地小行星 小行星偏转 行星防御 小行星采矿 |
| DOI：10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2019.01.010 |
| 分类号:V11 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Development of Near Earth Asteroid Mining and Planetary Defense |
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QIU Chengbo1,2, SUN Yukun1,2, WANG Yamin1,2, JIANG Jun1,2, CHEN Xin1,2
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1.Innovation Academy for Microsatellites of CAS, Shanghai 200120, China;2.Key Laboratory for Microsatellite, CAS, Shanghai 201210, China
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| Abstract: |
| The technology of near earth asteroid rendezvous, orbiting, landing, and sampling return has been highly developed for decades. OSIRIS-REx analyzes the features of C type asteroid and conducts asteroid sampling. Hayabusa-2 aims to sample under the surface of the asteroid. NASA and ESA begins to turn to Planetary Defense. ARM program sets for asteroid capture and orbital redirection, while ESA and NASA put forward a plan of asteroid impact and deflection assessment. Impact test will be arranged on the binary system to accumulate technology. Besides, Planetary Resources Inc. and Deep Space Industries havemade the blueprint for asteroid commercial mining, respectively, and have carried outorbit verification. The process of near Earth Asteroids detection is reviewed, focusing on OSIRIS-Rex, Hayabusa-2, Planetary Defense of NASA and ESA and Strategic planning of commercial mining for asteroid mining companys. Some key technologies of Planetary Defense and mining in the future are summarized. |
| Key words: near Earth asteroid asteroid deflection planetary defense asteroid mining |