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火星探测器制动捕获策略研究

Research About Strategies of Mars Probe Capture

  • 摘要: 针对火星探测器制动捕获问题进行研究,通过对火星探测器捕获问题的动力学建模、典型工况数值仿真,对3种典型的直接捕获策略:定向捕获、匀速捕获、变速捕获进行比较、分析,系统地总结了3种捕获策略的优缺点,得到变速捕获推力器燃料消耗低,但需要实时速度信息等结论。进一步地,通过数值分析点火时刻对制动捕获效果的影响,发现探测器最优点火时刻为到达近火点前制动耗时一半左右所对应的时刻。为实现特定捕获过渡轨道,设计了基于ZEM/ZEV闭环制导的捕获策略。通过与变速捕获对比表明:所设计捕获策略的制动效果与变速捕获相当,且能满足特定的末端位置/速度约束,可为实际任务提供一种备选方案。

     

    Abstract: Aiming at the Mars probe capture, the three direct capture strategies, including fixed、constant and tangential angular velocity starategies are compared and analyzed through dynamic modeling and numerical simulation of typical conditions. The merits and demerits of three strategies are summarized, and the results show that the tangential angular velocity strategy uses low fuel, but needs real-time velocity. Also, it discovers that the optimal ignition time point corresponds to the half of total capture time. In order to implement specific transition track, a closed-loop guidance strategy is proposed based on the Zero Effort Miss/Zero Effort Velocity. Comparing with the tangential angular velocity strategy, the proposed strategy achieves equivalent effort and can satisfy terminal position and velocity constrains. It can provide an alternative strategy for the practical mission.

     

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