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考虑避碰与避障的小天体着陆轨迹快速规划方法

Rapid Trajectory Planning with Collision and Obstacle Avoidance for Landing on Small Celestial Body

  • 摘要: 针对不规则小天体表面着陆轨迹设计问题,提出了一种考虑避碰与避障的轨迹快速规划方法。构建了基于贝塞尔曲线的着陆轨迹解析表征形式,提出了避碰和避障方案:通过设置避碰引导点使着陆器规避小天体本体的大尺度几何遮挡,通过设置避障引导点使着陆器沿着陆平面法向着陆。考虑着陆器与小天体的几何关系、引导点高度的单调性,建立了避碰引导点和避障引导点的参数约束,并以最小燃耗为目标进行参数快速求解。同时,研究了最短着陆时间求解问题,根据推力幅值约束确定着陆时间的选取范围。最后,以小天体433Eros为着陆对象,对所提出的轨迹规划方法进行了仿真。结果表明,该方法生成的轨迹能够满足不规则小天体着陆的避碰、避障、控制推力等约束,适用于不同的初始条件,且具有较高的求解效率。

     

    Abstract: A rapid trajectory planning method of collision avoidance and obstacle avoidance is proposed to address the problem of landing on irregular small celestial body. An analytic form of landing trajectory is constructed using Bézier curve, and the collision avoidance and obstacle avoidance schemes are proposed. The guiding point of collision avoidance is set to prevent occlusion from the small celestial body, and the guiding point of obstacle avoidance is set to ensure landing along the normal direction of the landing plane. Considering the geometrical relationship between the lander and the small celestial body, and the monotonicity of height of the guidance point, constraints are established for the parameters of the collision avoidance point and the obstacle avoidance point. Under these constraints, the parameters are rapidly solved with the objective of combustion consumption. Additionally, the minimum landing time is investigated, with the thrust constraint determining the feasible range of landing time. Finally, the proposed trajectory planning method is simulated in a landing scenario of 433 Eros. Results show that the planned trajectory satisfies the constraints of collision avoidance, obstacle avoidance, and thrust control under various initial conditions, while maintaining high computational efficiency.

     

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