Abstract: Combining the practical needs for the future implementation of near-Earth object（NEO）defense,the author of this paper starts from the new requirements and problems faced by the measurement and control system,analyzes the differences between near-Earth object defense missions and conventional asteroid exploration missions as well as the mission requirements of their response systems,and conducts targeted research on the technical challenges in aspects such as the orbit measurement and determination of near-Earth objects,the improvement of space-ground data transmission capability,rapid ground data processing, on-orbit software reconstruction of spacecraft,and efficient command,control and collaboration among multiple departments; finally, relevant recommendations for systematic solutions are put forward from three aspects: comprehensively enhancing the capability of the ground-based deep space TT&C network, improving the capacity of the asteroid defense mission center in a systematic manner, and establishing an efficient command and coordination mechanism through multi-department collaboration.