Abstract: The problem of spacecraft approach and close-range formation flying with an asteroid under the influence of perturbations is addressed in this paper. The gravitational forces of the Sun and the eight major planets, solar radiation pressure, and the gravity of asteroid are considered. By analyzing the effects of these perturbations, a control method for close-range formation flying is developed, which utilizes the perturbations themselves. This method implements a cyclic "uncontrolled-controlled" strategy that either leverages or counteracts perturbative forces to achieve formation flying control under both distance and angle constraints. First, the influences of various perturbations on the formation orbit are analyzed by controlling variables. Then, the effects of key parameters on the approach orbit are analyzed. Finally, after the formation flying position is reached, perturbations are utilized to achieve close-range formation flying, and the effectiveness of the control method across the entire orbital period is validated. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control method effectively achieves coordinated distance–angle control of the spacecraft, while also offering practical engineering advantages such as straightforward implementation and low propellant consumption, providing reference for the future China’s near-Earth asteroid defense mission.