Abstract: By reviewing the development of human lunar exploration over the past six decades and analyzing the lunar exploration mission plans of the world’s major space-faring countries, the characteristics and representative achievements of the two waves of human lunar exploration were summarized. Furthermore, four significant evolving trends in human lunar exploration were identified: transitioning from technological breakthroughs to major scientific discoveries and resource development, shifting from short-term exploratory visits to long-term resident exploration, transforming from government-led initiatives to deeper involvement of commercial space entities, and moving from single-country independent implementation to multi-national collaborative exploration. In light of the long-term and sustainable development of future lunar exploration, key technological research aimed at enhancing Earth-Moon transportation capabilities, ensuring stable energy supply on the Moon throughout its day-night cycle, establishing a high-speed information interconnection network, improving the operational capabilities of intelligent equipment, and realizing the development and utilization of lunar resources, were proposed to collaborate with international partners and engage commercial space companies in These efforts can provide valuable references for subsequent mission planning in lunar exploration.