Abstract: In this paper, the development of lunar exploration in the past 60 years was summarized, and the characteristics of the two upsurges of lunar exploration were identified. The development course of lunar exploration in China was reviewed, and the representative achievements of lunar exploration in China were summarized. The lunar exploration mission programs of the world’s major spacefaring countries were investigated. Four major trends in the development of human lunar exploration were put forward: from technological breakthrough to major scientific discovery and resource development and utilization, from short-term visiting exploration to long-term resident exploration, from government-led to government-guided commercial space in-depth participation, from a single country to a multi-country joint exploration. Preliminary proposals have been put forward regarding the key technology directions required for future lunar exploration. This paper can provide reference for follow-up mission planning of lunar exploration.