Abstract:
The visible quantity and time of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) satellite signal in lunar orbit is an important factor for lunar probe to use GNSS to realize auxiliary navigation. For the problem that the number of GNSS satellites visible by lunar orbiting satellites and lunar surface detectors is not clear, the comparative analysis is insufficient. This paper selects the lunar elliptical frozen orbit (ELFO), the Peter region of the moon and the Shackleton region of the south pole of the moon as the analysis targets. Analyzed and statistically analyzed the number and duration of visible GNSS satellites under different ELFO, lunar surface conditions, and lunar South Pole relay conditions. Simulation results reveal that, in the Peter region, minor surface movements have minimal impact on the number of signals received by Beidou satellites; and, at Shackleton, the South Pole's ELFO-Satellite3 orbit supports visibility of up to four Beidou and GPS satellite signals during positioning activities. The ELFO-Satellite3 orbit demonstrates the highest GNSS signal reception within its operational cycle, offering substantial potential for lunar navigation. These findings provide valuable insights for China’s "Magpie Bridge" Navigation Remote Constellation System and future lunar probes, especially in leveraging GNSS satellite signals for navigation and positioning in the lunar and lunar South Pole regions.