Abstract: For the high-strength lunar water ice fabric, it is usually necessary to use high-frequency percussion drilling and penetrator to achieve in-situ detection. There is a complex dynamic mechanical relationship between the detection equipment and the lunar water ice. The submerged equipment should fully consider the dynamic mechanical properties of the lunar water ice during the design process. This study proposes an experimental method for testing the dynamic mechanical properties of ultra-low temperature lunar water ice simulation samples by using a split Hopkinson pressure bar（SHPB）. For three kinds of lunar soil water ice simulants with different water content under extremely low temperature of –170℃, the dynamic mechanical characteristics test was carried out using low temperature SHPB. Through the analysis of the test results, the intensity parameters of the lunar water ice simulants under different strain rates are obtained, and the law of the enhancement effect of the lunar water ice strain rate is summarized; combined with the spectral characteristics of the reflected waves of the SHPB test of samples with different water content rates There are obvious differences in the characteristics, and a method for identifying the water ice content of the lunar regolith based on the characteristics of the impact reflection wave of the drilling tool is proposed. The results provide an effective reference for the development of China's lunar water ice material exploration-collection-using detector system.