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火星探测最优离轨制导方法研究

Research on Optimal Deorbit Guidance Method for Mars Exploration

  • 摘要: 火星的进入、下降与着陆(Entry,Descent,and Landing,EDL)是探测任务中的重要过程,而离轨制动是飞行器EDL过程前的关键机动过程,是保证飞行器大气进入过程顺利执行的决定性步骤。针对火星进入前的离轨机动问题,提出了一种“推–滑”最优离轨制导方法。该方法在状态方程局部线性化的基础上,给出了状态和协态变量的解析形式,并通过推导最优离轨机动的必要条件,给出了“推–滑”最优离轨制导律的求解方程。仿真结果表明:提出的制导策略在保证最优性和制导精度的前提下具有良好的鲁棒性,可为我国未来火星探测过程中的离轨机动提供理论依据和方法参考。

     

    Abstract: The EDL phases are of great importance in Mars exploration mission, while before which the deorbit braking is a key maneuver to ensure the smooth execution of the atmospheric entry process. Aiming at the problem of deorbit maneuver before Mars entry, a burn-coast optimal deorbit guidance method is presented. Based on the local linearization of the state equation, the analytical forms of state and costate variables are obtained. The solution equations of the optimal burn-coast deorbit guidance law are given through derivation of the necessary conditions for optimal deorbit maneuver. The simulation results show that the proposed guidance strategy has good robustness on the premise of guaranteeing optimality and guidance accuracy, providing theoretical reference for the future deorbit maneuver in Mars exploration.

     

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