Abstract: In recent years, the threat of near-Earth asteroid impact to human civilization and Earth ecology has been widely paid attention around the world. Monitoring is the prerequisite basis for awareness and response of the threat of near-Earth asteroid. However, the construction period of dedicated monitoring facilities is long, so it is difficult to quickly develop monitoring capability. This paper focuses on the question of whether near-Earth asteroid collaborative observation can be quickly realized by using the existing space-based and ground-based observation facilities networking, and whether orbit determination accuracy can be improved through collaborative observation. Based on the Space Debris Experiment Telescope of the National Astronomical Observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, together with the Yangwang-1 and Jilin-1 satellites, this paper designs and carries out a space-based and ground-based collaborative monitoring experiment for near-Earth asteroids. By using image processing and orbit determination methods, target detection and astronomical positioning of observation images are realized, and the orbit of near-Earth asteroids is precisely determined.Based on the analysis, the existing equipment can realize the space-ground collaborative monitoring and orbit cataloging of near-Earth asteroids, and provide orbital data support for the study and estimating of the impact risk of near-Earth asteroids.