月基对地观测研究现状与展望

郭华东; 丁翼星; 刘广

doi:10.15982/j.issn.2096-9287.2022.20210080

月基对地观测研究现状与展望

doi: 10.15982/j.issn.2096-9287.2022.20210080

郭华东^{1, 2,},
丁翼星¹,
刘广¹

1.
中国科学院空天信息创新研究院数字地球重点实验室，北京 100094
2.
中国科学院大学北京 101408

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（41950853，41501403）；中国科学院前沿科学重点研究计划项目（QYZDY-SSW-DQC026）

详细信息

作者简介:
郭华东（1950– ），男，研究员，博士生导师，中国科学院院士，俄罗斯科学院外籍院士，芬兰科学与人文院外籍院士，发展中国家科学院院士，主要研究方向：遥感信息机理、雷达对地观测、数字地球科学。通讯地址：北京市海淀区邓庄南路中国科学院空天信息创新研究院（100094）电话：（010）82178000E-mail：hdguo@radi.ac.cn

●　Moon - based earth observation is characterized by long - term, integrity, stability and uniqueness. ●　The Moon - based interferometric radar is expected to be the only method to continuously observe the macroscopic motion of the solid Earth. ●　The moon-based wide-band radiometer and array spectrometer provide a new perspective for Earth’s radiation balance observation. Exploring new scientific objectives and developing new space and Earth observation technologies are the main directions of future Moon-based earth observation research.
中图分类号: 中图分类号:补充文献标识码:A 文章编号:

Research Status and Prospect of Moon-Based Earth Observation: A Review

1.
Key laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China

摘要: 在月球上布设遥感传感器能实现长期、整体、稳定的对地观测，完善现有系统的观测能力，尤其是能从地球系统外部来观测地球系统本身的演化过程，以及地球系统与外部的相互作用和影响。从科学目标、传感器技术、参数模拟和估算方法以及观测站选址4个方面详细论述了月基对地观测研究进展，围绕涉及的关键科学问题进行推进，并且针对传感器论证、任务设计、数据处理和信息提取提出的一系列新模型和新方法进行了总结。最后对月基对地观测研究的发展提出了一些建议。
- 月基对地观测 /
- 全球辐射平衡 /
- 固体地球宏观运动 /
- 月球基地选址 /
- 合成孔径雷达
Abstract: The deployment of remote sensing sensors on the moon can realize long-term, overall and stable earth observation and improve the observation ability of the existing system. In particular, from the outside of the earth system, the moon-based remote sensors can observe the evolution process of the earth system and the interaction and influence between the earth system and its exterior. This paper discusses the research progress of moon-based earth observation in detail from four aspects: scientific objectives, sensor technologies, parameter simulation and estimation methods and observatory location. At present, the researches are focused on the scientific issues referring to Earth’s radiation budget, large scale motion of solid Earth, Earth’s life signal, large-scale interaction between sea, land and atmosphere, near-Earth space targets and near-Earth space environment. The radiometer, spectrometer and synthetic aperture radar are preliminarily selected as the main payloads of the moon-based earth observatory, and a series of new models and methods are proposed for feasibility analysis, mission design, data processing and information extraction. The establishment of moon-based earth observation system is a complex project, which puts forward high requirements for human scientific and technological level. The implementation of some sensors even requires the further development of technology. In the future, we need to expand the application direction and scientific connotation of moon-based earth observation, carry out extensive international cooperation, formulate reasonable development plans, and realize moon-based earth observation in stages.
- Moon-based Earth observation /
- Earth’s radiation budget /
- large scale motion of solid Earth /
- site selection of Moon base /
- synthetic aperture radar
Highlights

●　Moon - based earth observation is characterized by long - term, integrity, stability and uniqueness. ●　The Moon - based interferometric radar is expected to be the only method to continuously observe the macroscopic motion of the solid Earth. ●　The moon-based wide-band radiometer and array spectrometer provide a new perspective for Earth’s radiation balance observation. Exploring new scientific objectives and developing new space and Earth observation technologies are the main directions of future Moon-based earth observation research.

[1]	ROSENQVIST A,SHIMADA M,CHAPMAN B,et al. The global rain forest mapping project—a review[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing,2000,21(6-7):1375-1387. doi: 10.1080/014311600210227
[2]	WOERNER J , FOING B . The "Moon village" concept and initiative[C]// Annual Meeting of the Lunar Exploration Analysis Group. Columbia: [s. n. ], 2016.
[3]	NASA. What is artemis?[EB/OL]. （2019-07-26）[2021-08-31]. https://www.nasa.gov/feature/what-is-artemis/.
[4]	欧阳自远. 我国月球探测的总体科学目标与发展战略[J]. 地球科学进展,2004,19(3):351-358. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-8166.2004.03.001 OUYANG Z Y. Scientific objectives of Chinese lunar exploration project and development strategy[J]. Advance In Earth Sciences,2004,19(3):351-358. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-8166.2004.03.001
[5]	CARRUTHERS G R,PAGE T. Apollo 16 far-ultraviolet camera/spectrograph:Earth observations[J]. Science,1972,177(4051):788-791. doi: 10.1126/science.177.4051.788
[6]	FENG J,LIU J,HE F,et al. Data processing and initial results from the CE-3 Extreme Ultraviolet Camera[J]. Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics,2014,14(12):1664. doi: 10.1088/1674-4527/14/12/014
[7]	GUO H,LIU G,DING Y. Moon-based Earth observation:scientific concept and potential applications[J]. International Journal of Digital Earth,2018,11(6):546-557. doi: 10.1080/17538947.2017.1356879
[8]	XU L,ZOU Y L,JIA Y Z. China's planning for deep space exploration and lunar exploration before 2030[J]. Chinese Journal of Space Science,2018,38(05):11-12.
[9]	JAUMANN R,HIESINGER H,ANAND M,et al. Geology,geochemistry,and geophysics of the Moon:Status of current understanding[J]. Planetary and Space Science,2012,74(1):15-41. doi: 10.1016/j.pss.2012.08.019
[10]	COCHRAN E S,VIDALE J E,TANAKA S,et al. Earth tides can trigger shallow thrust fault earthquakes.[J]. Science,2004,306(5699):1164-1166. doi: 10.1126/science.1103961
[11]	HANSEN J,SATO M,KHARECHA P,et al. Earth's energy imbalance and implications[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2011,11(9):27031-27105.
[12]	WILD M,D FOLINI,SCHAER C,et al. The global energy balance from a surface perspective[J]. Climate Dynamics,2013,40(11-12):3107-3134. doi: 10.1007/s00382-012-1569-8
[13]	HARTMANN D L,OCKERT-BELL M E,MICHELSEN M L. The effect of cloud type on Earth's energy balance:global analysis[J]. Journal of Climate,1992,5(11):1281-1304. doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005<1281:TEOCTO>2.0.CO;2
[14]	SCHUCKMANN K V,PALMER M D,TRENBERTH K E,et al. An imperative to monitor Earth's energy imbalance[J]. Nature Climate Change,2016,6:138-144. doi: 10.1038/nclimate2876
[15]	ANDERSON D E,CA HALAN R F. The Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) mission for the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS)[J]. Solar Physics,2005,230(1-2):3-6. doi: 10.1007/s11207-005-1592-6
[16]	WIELICKI B A. Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES):algorithm overview[J]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,1998,36(4):1127-1141.
[17]	TRÉMAS T L, KAROUCHE N , ROSAK A , et al. ScaRaB: first results of the scanner for radiative budget on board the Indo-French satellite Megha-Tropiques[C]// SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications. San Diego: SPIE, 2012.
[18]	WIELICKI B A, WONG T, YOUNG D F, et al. Differences between ERBE and CERES tropical mean fluxes: ENSO, climate change or calibration?. 2005. 期刊名, 卷期, 页码范围
[19]	FRÖHLICH C. Total solar irradiance observations[J]. Surveys in Geophysics,2012,33(3-4):453-473. doi: 10.1007/s10712-011-9168-5
[20]	FRÖHLICH C,LEAN J. The Sun's total irradiance:Cycles,trends and related climate change uncertainties since 1976[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,1998,25(23):4377-4380. doi: 10.1029/1998GL900157
[21]	LOEB N G,WIELICKI B A,DOELLING D R,et al. Toward optimal closure of the Earth's top-of-atmosphere radiation budget[J]. Journal of Climate,2009,22(3):748-766. doi: 10.1175/2008JCLI2637.1
[22]	TRENBERTH K E,FASULLO J T. Tracking Earth's energy[J]. Science,2010,328(5976):316-317. doi: 10.1126/science.1187272
[23]	LOEB N G,LYMAN J M,JOHNSON G C,et al. Observed changes in top-of-the-atmosphere radiation and upper-ocean heating consistent within uncertainty[J]. Nature Geoscience,2012,5(2):110-113. doi: 10.1038/ngeo1375
[24]	许厚泽,张赤军. 我国大地重力学和固体潮研究进展[J]. 地球物理学报,1997,40(S1):192-205. XU H Z,ZHANG C J. Development of the studies on geodetic gravity and earth tides in China[J]. Acta Geophysica Sinica,1997,40(S1):192-205.
[25]	CASSAN A,KUBAS D,BEAULIEU J P,et al. One or more bound planets per Milky Way star from microlensing observations[J]. Nature,2012,481:167-69. doi: 10.1038/nature10684
[26]	KARALIDI T,STAM D M,SNIK F,et al. Observing the Earth as an exoplanet with LOUPE,the lunar observatory for unresolved polarimetry of Earth[J]. Planetary & Space Science,2012,74(1):202-207.
[27]	SPARKS W B,HOUGH J,GERMER T A,et al. Detection of circular polarization in light scattered from photosynthetic microbes[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2009,106(19):7816-7821. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0810215106
[28]	TINETTI G,MEADOWS V S,CRISP D,et al. Detectability of planetary characteristics in disk-averaged spectra. I:the Earth model[J]. Astrobiology,2006,6(1):34-47. doi: 10.1089/ast.2006.6.34
[29]	KALTENEGGER L,TRAUB W A,JUCKS K W. Spectral evolution of an Earth-like planet[J]. The Astrophysical Journal,2006,658(1):598-616.
[30]	BHARDWAJ A,ELSNER R F,RANDALL G G,et al. X-rays from solar system objects[J]. Planetary and Space Science,2007,55(9):1135-1189. doi: 10.1016/j.pss.2006.11.009
[31]	郭亦鸿, 王赤, 韦飞, 等. 月基软X射线成像仪——对地球磁层的全景观测[J]. 中国科学: 地球科学. 2021, 51（7）: 1009-1017. GUO Y H, WANG C, WEI F, et al. A Lunar-based Soft X-ray Imager （LSXI） for the Earth’s magnetosphere[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 2021, 64（7）: 1026-1035.
[32]	何飞,陈波,张效信. 月基观测地球等离子体层极紫外辐射特性[J]. 光学精密工程,2010(12):2564-2573. HE F,CHEN B,ZHANG X X. Moon-based imaging of Earth plasmaspheric extreme ultraviolet radiation[J]. Optics and Precision Engineering,2010(12):2564-2573.
[33]	MOCCIA A,RENGA A. Synthetic aperture radar for Earth observation from a lunar base:performance and potential applications[J]. IEEE T Aero Elec Sys,2010,46:1034-1051. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2010.5545172
[34]	FORNARO G,FRANCESCHETTI G,LOMBARDINI F,et al. Potentials and limitations of Moon-borne SAR imaging[J]. IEEE T Geosci Remote Sens,2010,48:3009-3019. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2041463
[35]	郭华东,丁翼星,刘广,等. 面向全球变化探测的月基成像雷达概念研究[J]. 中国科学:地球科学,2013(11):1760-1769. GUO H D,DING Y X,LIU G,et al. Conceptual study of lunar-based SAR for global change monitoring[J]. Science China:Earth Sciences,2013(11):1760-1769.
[36]	李德伟,江利明,蒋厚军,等. 月基SAR对地观测系统参数分析[J]. 系统工程与电子技术,2020,42(4):66-72. LI D W,JIANG L M,JIANG H J,et al. System parameters analysis of the Moon-based SAR Earth observation[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics,2020,42(4):66-72.
[37]	XU Z , CHEN K S , GUO H . Doppler estimation with "Non-Stop-and-Go" assumption in Moon-based SAR imaging[C]// 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Valencia: IEEE, 2018.
[38]	XU Z,CHEN K S. On signal modeling of Moon-based Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging of Earth[J]. Remote Sensing,2018,10(3):486-511. doi: 10.3390/rs10030486
[39]	XU Z,CHEN K S. Effects of the Earth's curvature and lunar revolution on the imaging performance of the Moon-based synthetic aperture radar[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2019,57(8):5868-5882. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2019.2902842
[40]	XU Z,CHEN K S,ZHOU G. Effects of the Earth's irregular rotation on the Moon-based synthetic aperture radar imaging[J]. IEEE Access,2019,99:155014-155027.
[41]	XU Z , CHEN K S , GUO H . Effects of temporally-varying tropospheric path delay on the imaging performance of Moon-based SAR[C]// 2019 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Fall （PIERS - Fall）. Xiamen: [s. n. ], 2019.
[42]	XU Z,CHEN K S,LI Z L,et al. Apsidal precession effects on the lunar-based synthetic aperture radar imaging performance[J]. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,2021,18(6):1079-1083. doi: 10.1109/LGRS.2020.2992508
[43]	DONG J,SHEN Q,JIANG H,et al. Spatio-temporal distribution of the zero-Doppler line of lunar-based SAR[J]. Remote Sensing Letters,2020,12(2):165.只一页吗?页码范围.
[44]	XU Z,CHEN K S,ZHOU G. Zero-Doppler centroid steering for the Moon-Based synthetic aperture radar:a theoretical analysis[J]. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,2020,17(7):1208-1212. doi: 10.1109/LGRS.2019.2941505
[45]	DUAN,WENTAO,HUANG,SHAOPENG,NIE,CHENWEI. Entrance pupil irradiance estimating model for a Moon-based Earth radiation observatory instrument[J]. Remote Sensing,2019,11(5):583只一页吗?页码范围.
[46]	DUAN W,HUANG S,NIE C. Conceptual design of a Moon-based Earth radiation observatory[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing,2018,39(18):5834-5849. doi: 10.1080/01431161.2018.1512770
[47]	YUAN L, LIAO J, A physical-based algorithm for retrieving land surface temperature from moon-based Earth observation [J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2020, 13: 1856-1866.
[48]	LI T,GUO H,ZHANG L,et al. Simulation of Moon-based Earth observation optical image processing methods for global change study[J]. Frontier of Earth Science,2020(1):236-250.
[49]	丁翼星, 郭华东, 刘广. 面向全球变化探测的月基对地观测覆盖性能分析[J]. 湖南大学学报（自然科学版）, 41（10）: 96-102. DING Y X, GUO H D, LIU G. Coverage performance analysis of Earth observation from lunar base for global change detection[J]. Journal of Hunan University（Natural Sciences）, 41（10）: 96-102.
[50]	GUO H,YE H,LIU G,et al. Error analysis of exterior orientation elements on geolocation for a Moon-based Earth observation optical sensor[J]. International Journal of Digital Earth,2018,13(11):374-392.
[51]	YE H,GUO H,LIU G,et al. Temporal sampling error analysis of the Earth's outgoing radiation from a Moon-based platform[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing,2019,40(17-18):6975-6992.
[52]	CARRUTHERS G R. Apollo 16 far-ultraviolet camera/spectrograph:instrument and operations[J]. Applied Optics,1973,12(10):2501-2508. doi: 10.1364/AO.12.002501
[53]	李朝辉. 月基对地观测极紫外相机光机结构设计[J]. 仪器仪表学报,2010,31(010):2352-2356. LI Z H. Optomechanical design of lunar based EUV camera for mapping the Earth[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2010,31(010):2352-2356.
[54]	王智,李朝辉. 月基极紫外相机光机结构设计[J]. 光学精密工程,2011(10):125-131. WANG Z,LI M H. Design of optical-mechanical structure for lunar-based extreme ultraviolet camera[J]. Optics and Precision Engineering,2011(10):125-131.
[55]	何飞. 月基地球等离子体层极紫外观测与图像反演方法研究[D]. 长春: 中国科学院研究生院（长春光学精密机械与物理研究所）, 2011. HE F. Moon-based extreme ultraviolet observations of the Earth’s plasmasphere and image inversion methods[D]. Changchun: Chinese Academy of Sciences （Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics）, 2011.
[56]	丁翼星,郭华东,刘广. 基于JPL星历的月基SAR多普勒参数估算方法[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报,2015,41(1):71-76. DING Y X,GUO H D,LIU G. Method to estimate the Doppler parameters of moon-borne SAR using JPL ephemeris[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2015,41(1):71-76.
[57]	DING Y,GUO H,LIU G,et al. Constructing a high-accuracy geometric model for Moon-Based Earth observation[J]. Remote Sensing,2019,11(22):2611. doi: 10.3390/rs11222611
[58]	LIU G,GUO H,HANSSEN R F. Characteristics analysis of Moon-based Earth observation under the ellipsoid model[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing,2020,41(23):9121-9139. doi: 10.1080/01431161.2020.1797220
[59]	SUI Y,GUO H,LIU G,et al. Analysis of long-term Moon-based observation characteristics for Arctic and Antarctic[J]. Remote Sensing,2019,11(23):2805. doi: 10.3390/rs11232805
[60]	LIU H,GUO H,LIU G,et al. An exploratory study on moon-based observation coverage of sea ice from the geometry[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing,2020,41(16):6089-6098. doi: 10.1080/01431161.2020.1734258
[61]	YE H,GUO H,LIU G,et al. Looking vector direction analysis for the moon-based earth observation optical sensor[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing,2018,11(11):4488-4499. doi: 10.1109/JSTARS.2018.2870247
[62]	SHEN G,GUO H,LIU G,et al. Geometry numerical simulation and analysis for Moon-based Earth observation[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing,2020,13:3381-3393. doi: 10.1109/JSTARS.2020.2996613
[63]	ZHANG L,GUO H,JIAO H,et al. A polar coordinate system based on a projection surface for moon-based earth observation images[J]. Advances in Space Research,2019,64(11):2209-2220. doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2019.08.022
[64]	XU Z,CHEN K S,LIU G,et al. Spatiotemporal coverage of a Moon-based synthetic aperture radar:theoretical analyses and numerical simulations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2020,卷期:码范围.
[65]	REN Y,GUO H,LIU G,et al. Simulation study of geometric characteristics and coverage for Moon-based Earth observation in the electro-optical region[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing,2017,10(6):2431-2440. doi: 10.1109/JSTARS.2017.2711061
[66]	YE H,GUO H,LIU G,et al. Observation duration analysis for Earth surface features from a Moon-based platform[J]. Advances in Space Research,2018,62(2):274-287. doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2018.04.029
[67]	HUANG J,GUO H,LIU G,et al. Spatio-temporal characteristics for Moon-based Earth observations[J]. Remote Sensing,2020,12(17):2848. doi: 10.3390/rs12172848
[68]	WANG H, GUO Q, LI A, et al. Comparative study on the observation duration of the two-polar regions of the Earth from four specific sites on the Moon [J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 2020, 41（1）: 339-352.
[69]	SHANG H,DING Y,GUO H,et al. Simulation of Earth’s outward radiative flux and its radiance in Moon-based view[J]. Remote Sensing,2021,13(13):2535. doi: 10.3390/rs13132535
[70]	DONG J,SHEN Q,JIANG L,et al. An Analysis of spatiotemporal baseline and effective spatial coverage for lunar-based sar repeat-track interferometry[J]. Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing,IEEE Journal of,2019,12(9):3458-3469.刊名不对.
[71]	董景龙,江利明,沈强,等. 月基SAR 重复轨道干涉测量时-空基线分析[J]. 测绘学报,2019,48(7):849-861. DONG J L,JIANG L M,SHEN Q,et al. Spatio-temporal baseline analysis of lunar-based repeat-track SAR interferometry[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2019,48(7):849-861.
[72]	李德伟, 江利明, 蒋厚军等. 2019. 固体潮位移InSAR相位模拟及对广域地表形变监测的影响初探. 地球物理学报, 2019, 62 （12）: 4527-4539. LI D W, JIANG L M, JIANG H J, et al. InSAR phase simulation of solid earth tide and its influence on surface deformation monitoring at wide-area scale[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2019, 62 （12）: 4527-4539.
[73]	WU K,JI C,LUO L,et al. Simulation Study of Moon-Based InSAR Observation for Solid Earth Tides[J]. Remote Sensing,2020,12(1):123. doi: 10.3390/rs12010123
[74]	NIE C,LIAO J,SHEN G,et al. Simulation of the land surface temperature from moon-based Earth observations[J]. Advances in Space Research,2019,63(2):826-839. doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2018.09.041
[75]	YUAN L,LIAO J. Exploring the influence of various factors on microwave radiation image simulation for Moon-based Earth observation[J]. Frontiers of Earth Science,2020(14):430-445.
[76]	LIAO J,YUAN L,NIE C. A simulation method for thermal infrared imagery from Moon-based Earth observations[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal,2021,21(6):7736-7747. doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2021.3049912
[77]	张吉栋,孟治国,平劲松,等. 基于LOLA数据的Aristarchus高原光照特性初步研究[J]. 深空探测学报(中英文),2017,4(2):171-177. ZHANG J D,MENG Z G,PING J S,et al. Preliminary study of illumination characteristics of Aristarchus plateau using LOLA data[J]. Journal of Deep Space Exploration,2017,4(2):171-177.
[78]	贾瑛卓,邹永廖. 月基对地观测对月球基地选址需求分析[J]. 航天器工程,2016,25(6):116-121. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8748.2016.06.018 JIA Y Z,ZOU Y L. Research on lunar site selection for lunar based Earth observation[J]. Spacecraft Engineering,2016,25(6):116-121. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8748.2016.06.018

[1]	邓玉, 郭华东, 刘广, 叶罕霖, 黄靖. 月基对地观测图像模拟与应用研究 . 深空探测学报(中英文）, doi: 10.15982/j.issn.2096-9287.20210073
[2]	张吉栋, 李向月, 平劲松. 月球南极月基平台选址分析 . 深空探测学报(中英文）, doi: 10.15982/j.issn.2096-9287.2022.20210079
[3]	柳钮滔, 施贤正, 徐丰, 金亚秋. 月球永久阴影区着陆点选取要求的高分辨率极化SAR数据分析 . 深空探测学报(中英文）, doi: 10.15982/j.issn.2096-9287.2022.20210134
[4]	黄靖, 郭华东, 刘广, 邓玉. 基于月基观测几何的地球辐射能量模拟研究 . 深空探测学报(中英文）, doi: 10.15982/j.issn.2096-9287.2022.20210078
[5]	叶罕霖, 邓玉, 刘广, 郭华东. 月基观测地球大气层顶辐射特性研究 . 深空探测学报(中英文）, doi: 10.15982/j.issn.2096-9287.2022.20210074
[6]	陈国强, 郭华东, 梁达, 丁翼星, 吕明阳, 刘广. 月基SAR对地观测时空特性的研究 . 深空探测学报(中英文）, doi: 10.15982/j.issn.2096-9287.2022.20210076
[7]	刘奇祺, 陈楠, 林偲蔚. 月表可照时间谱和太阳辐射谱空间分布特征研究 . 深空探测学报(中英文）, doi: 10.15982/j.issn.2096-9287.2021.20210100
[8]	王越, 王彪, 王汛, 潘辰安, 姚佩雯, 李晨帆, 李勃. 火星探测任务着陆区选址和地质分析 . 深空探测学报(中英文）, doi: 10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2020.20190708001
[9]	张熇, 杜宇, 李飞, 张弘, 马继楠, 盛丽艳, 吴克. 月球南极探测着陆工程选址建议 . 深空探测学报(中英文）, doi: 10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2020.20191003002
[10]	侯东辉, 张珅毅, RobertFWimmer-Schweingruber, 于佳, SoenkeBurmeister, 沈国红, 袁斌, 王春琴, 张斌全. 月球粒子辐射环境探测现状 . 深空探测学报(中英文）, doi: 10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2019.02.003
[11]	孟治国, 李翠, 平劲松, 黄倩, 蔡占川, AlexanderGusev. 月面冯·卡门撞击坑的着陆选址和科学探测目标浅析 . 深空探测学报(中英文）, doi: 10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2018.01.001
[12]	任德鹏, 李青, 许映乔. 月球基地能源系统初步研究 . 深空探测学报(中英文）, doi: 10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2018.06.009
[13]	袁勇, 赵晨, 胡震宇. 月球基地建设方案设想 . 深空探测学报(中英文）, doi: 10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2018.04.008
[14]	纪奕才, 赵博, 方广有, 平劲松, 吴伟仁, 宁远明, 卢伟, 周斌. 在月球背面进行低频射电天文观测的关键技术研究 . 深空探测学报(中英文）, doi: 10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2017.02.008
[15]	张锦绣, 陈学雷, 曹喜滨, 安军社. 月球轨道编队超长波天文观测微卫星任务 . 深空探测学报(中英文）, doi: 10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2017.02.009
[16]	徐彦, 郑耀, 匡松松, 周盛. 展开式月球基地热防护结构方案研究 . 深空探测学报(中英文）, doi: 10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2016.02.012
[17]	彭超, 高扬. 星间洛仑兹力编队飞行的平衡点及零速度曲面 . 深空探测学报(中英文）, doi: 10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2015.03.010
[18]	梁常春, 孙鹏飞, 王耀兵, 危清清, 姜水清. 行星采样柔性机械臂运动规划研究 . 深空探测学报(中英文）, doi: 10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2015.01.004
[19]	孟治国, 平劲松, AlexanderGUSEV, 蔡占川, 陈思. 基于CELMS数据的月球东海微波辐射特性研究 . 深空探测学报(中英文）, doi: 10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2014.03.009
[20]	AlexanderSergeevichKOSOV, VladimirMichailovichGOTLIB, VriiyAlexandrovichKOROGOD, UriiyAlexandrovichNEMLIHER, DmitriyPetrovichSKULACHEV. 俄月球-全球等探测任务中的无线电科学试验 . 深空探测学报(中英文）, doi: 10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2014.03.003

计量

文章访问数: 14
被引次数: 0

注释:

●　Moon - based earth observation is characterized by long - term, integrity, stability and uniqueness.

●　The Moon - based interferometric radar is expected to be the only method to continuously observe the macroscopic motion of the solid Earth.

●　The moon-based wide-band radiometer and array spectrometer provide a new perspective for Earth’s radiation balance observation. Exploring new scientific objectives and developing new space and Earth observation technologies are the main directions of future Moon-based earth observation research.

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

留言板

月基对地观测研究现状与展望

doi: 10.15982/j.issn.2096-9287.2022.20210080

Research Status and Prospect of Moon-Based Earth Observation: A Review

计量

月基对地观测研究现状与展望

doi: 10.15982/j.issn.2096-9287.2022.20210080

1. 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院数字地球重点实验室，北京 100094

2. 中国科学院大学北京 101408

English Abstract

Research Status and Prospect of Moon-Based Earth Observation: A Review

1. Key laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China

目录

留言板

月基对地观测研究现状与展望

doi: 10.15982/j.issn.2096-9287.2022.20210080

Research Status and Prospect of Moon-Based Earth Observation: A Review

计量

出版历程

月基对地观测研究现状与展望

doi: 10.15982/j.issn.2096-9287.2022.20210080

1. 中国科学院 空天信息创新研究院数字地球重点实验室，北京 100094 2. 中国科学院大学 北京 101408

English Abstract

Research Status and Prospect of Moon-Based Earth Observation: A Review

1. Key laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China

目录

1. 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院数字地球重点实验室，北京 100094

2. 中国科学院大学北京 101408

1. Key laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China