Abstract: The Jovian system exploration is an important field of deep space exploration in China for the future. Environments in Jupiter’s system are very complex and the exploration of them is an important scientific goal. Besides that, such rigorous space environment is also a demanding factor for mission design. In this study, the characteristics and research progress of gravity field, magnetic field, atmosphere/exosphere, electromagnetic radiation, high-energy particle radiation, plasma, and meteoroids in Jupiter’s system are analyzed. The gravity field model is an important basis for the design of the orbit and propulsion subsystem and the redundant model needs to be built. Jovian strong magnetic field constraints the design of sensitive electromagnetic equipment in control subsystem. The main sources of electromagnetic radiation in Jupiter’s orbit include solar radiation, Jupiter/Satellite reflection radiation, and Jupiter infrared radiation. The exospheres of Jupiter’s moons are thin but include different kinds of atoms. The flux of plasma and high-energy particles in Jupiter’s orbit is much higher than that in Earth’s orbit. They can produce a variety of radiation effects. Among these the focus of protection is total dose and internal charging. The sources of meteoroids include interplanetary and Jovian system. The risk of surface degradation or breakdown caused by collision between meteoroids and spacecraft should be avoided.