Broad Energy-Band Ions in the Heliosphere and Their Coupling with Turbulence
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摘要: 围绕“日球层太阳风及其与侵入星际风的作用”这个主题,从目前认知、前沿问题、探测建议等3方面展开论述。日球层中的离子包括:原初太阳风离子、源于星际风的拾起离子、超热离子。其中拾起离子和超热离子有来自局地星际质侵入流的贡献。深空飞船探测到双模态遍布日球层:日球层内边界、太阳风、行星际湍动、超热离子能谱等都存在双模态特征。前沿问题有3个方面:①从未到达的领域,即黄道面里的日球层尾部以及高纬的外日球层;②曾经到达的领域,但是没有探测的物理量,例如外日球层中的拾起离子;③曾经到达并探测,但是形成机制不明,例如超热离子的幂律谱及其双模态。针对上述前沿问题,本文提出如下的建议:①设计不同的飞行路径,朝向不同的方位进行探测;②携带宽能段的离子谱仪器包涵盖原初太阳风等离子体、拾起离子和超热离子;③搭载高灵敏度磁强计测量外日球层的可压缩磁湍动。Abstract: This paper focuses on the theme of “solar wind in the heliosphere and its interaction with the invading interstellar wind”, and discusses it from three aspects: current cognition, frontier problems, and exploration suggestions. The ions in the heliosphere include primary solar wind ions, pick-up ions converted partially from interstellar wind, and super-thermal ions. Among them, pick-up ions and super-thermal ions have their contribution from the local interstellar medium flow. The deep-space spacecraft have detected the prevalence of two modes in the heliosphere: the inner boundary of the heliosphere, the solar wind, the interplanetary turbulence, and the energy spectrum of the super-thermal ions. There are three types of cutting-edge issues: ① the territory never reached, that is, the tail of the heliosphere in the ecliptic plane and the outer heliosphere at high latitudes; ② the territory that has been reached, but some key variables have not been detected, such as the picked-up ions in the outer heliosphere; ③ the territory and variables that have been reached and detected, but the formation mechanism is unknown, such as the power-law spectrum and dual-mode of the super-thermal ions. To address these problems, we put forward the following suggestions: ① to design different flight paths and detect in different directions; ② to carry ion spectra instruments with wide energy band, covering the primary solar wind plasma, the pick-up ions, and the super-thermal ions; ③ to carry high sensitivity magnetometer to measure the compressible magnetic turbulence in the outer heliosphere.
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Key words:
- outer heliosphere /
- interstellar wind /
- particle spectrum
Highlights● This paper points out that the broad energy-band ion spectrum and its coupling with the turbulence is one of the key windows to understand the interaction process between the heliosphere and the local interstellar medium. ● This work provides a brief review of the current cognition of the heliosphere, summarizes three related cutting-edge issues, and proposes the corresponding exploration suggestions for the future program. -
表 1 针对外日球层太阳风与侵入星际介质流的宽能段粒子测量的探测
Table 1 Detection suggestion table for the measurement of wide-energy particles in the outer heliosphere solar wind and intrusive interstellar medium flow
载荷 能量范围 探测对象 可选方案 太阳风法拉第杯 10 eV~12 keV 原初太阳风离子(H+,He++) 法拉第杯(FC) 太阳风静电分析仪 100 eV~20 keV 原初太阳风离子;部分星际风拾起离子
(H+,He+)静电分析仪(ESA) 拾起离子质谱仪 5 eV~80 keV 星际风拾起离子(H+,He+,N+,O+);
部分超热离子静电分析仪(ESA)+飞行时间技术
(TOF)+ 固态半导体(SSD)超热离子谱仪 30 keV~5 MeV 湍动加速的超热离子 (双层)固态半导体SSD -
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