Abstract: The detection of material composition is a key technology in deep space exploration. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) is a non-contact and rapid method to acquire element information of the material. This paper aims at the detection of the Mars surface in China's first Mars exploration mission in 2020. The basic principle of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,and the development status and trends of this technology is introduce firstly. Then the Martian environment and the survivability of the payloads under the harsh environment are analyzed. Finally,the data inversion and quantitative analysis technologies of LIBS are discussed.