Abstract: Deep space exploration is the term used for the exploration of the Moon and the celestial bodies or deep space beyond the Moon. It’s a major part of human space activities and an important approach for space science and technology innovation. Based on the retrospection of the development and accomplishment of deep space exploration over the past 50 years and summary of the development route-map of deep space exploration of different space countries and regions ,this paper analysed five developmental characteristics of deep space exploration, and proposed six kinds of key technology fields focused on and addressed for future deep space exploration activities.