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月球通信导航一体化架构设计与联合定轨方法

Research on Integrated Lunar Communication and Navigation Architecture and Joint Orbit Determination Methodology

  • 摘要: 针对月球通信导航一体化系统(Lunar Communication and Navigation System,LCNS)星座设计与高精度轨道确定的关键技术挑战,提出一种融合多类轨道星座与地-月-星多源测控资源的联合定轨架构。基于月球轨道动力学特性,构建了包含月球圆轨道、大椭圆冻结轨道和近直线晕轨道的混合星座,以实现全月及重点区域的增强覆盖,并设计了地-月-星联合测控体系。建立了适用于该测控体系的状态方程与量测方程的统一数学模型。对比分析了纯地基、纯月基、地基-星间联合、月基-星间联合以及地-月-星间联合5种定轨模式,定量评估了相应的定轨精度。仿真结果表明,地-月-星间联合定轨模式显著优于传统模式,定轨精度可由纯地基模式的10 m级提升至厘米级,极大地提升了月球极区与背面任务的导航定位可靠性。可为未来LCNS的顶层设计、多模式定轨策略与测控资源优化提供了重要的理论依据和工程参考。

     

    Abstract: To address key technical challenges of constellation design and high-precision orbit determination for the Lunar Communication and Navigation System(LCNS)an integrated orbit determination architecture which leverages multi-type orbital constellations and multi-source tracking resources from Earth, the Moon, and space was proposed. A hybrid constellation, comprising low lunar circular orbits, frozen elliptical orbits, and near-rectilinear Halo orbits, was designed based on lunar orbital dynamics to enhance coverage across global lunar surface and critical regions. For orbit determination, five observation modes were systematically compared and analyzed: Earth-based only, Moon-based only, Earth-based with inter-satellite, Moon-based with inter-satellite, and Earth-Moon-space joint modes. Their respective orbit determination accuracies were quantitatively evaluated. Simulation results demonstrate that the Earth-Moon-space joint mode substantially outperformed conventional approaches, improving accuracy from the meter level(in Earth-based only mode)to the centimeter level, thereby greatly enhancing navigation and positioning reliability for polar and far-side lunar missions. These findings provide theoretical support and engineering guidance for top-level constellation design, multi-mode orbit determination strategies, and the optimization of allocation resources allocation in future LCNS development.

     

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