Abstract: In deep space exploration missions, the space-borne portion of the deep space communication system serves as the foundation for long-distance information transmission. Its technological development directly promotes the growth of ground-based received data rates, which profoundly affects the design and engineering implementation of exploration missions. This paper systematically reviews the development and current state of space-borne communication technologies in deep space exploration missions worldwide, with a focus on key technologies such as high-frequency band communication, high-efficiency coding/decoding and deep space relay technologies. The findings offer valuable technical references for the design of deep space communication systems and mission planning in China’s future deep space exploration.