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面向火星精确着陆的多维开伞窗口设计

Multi-Dimensional Parachute Deployment Box for Mars Precision Landing

  • 摘要: 在火星着陆任务中,进入段结束的减速伞开伞时机对着陆位置精度具有重要影响。本文针对安全开伞和精确着陆需求,提出了一种用于判定火星着陆开伞条件的多维开伞窗口。首先,综合伞降段和动力下降段的动力学与约束,建立了火星着陆器开伞后的极限航程优化模型。接着,在高度–速度二维开伞窗口的基础上,融合了极限航程信息,构建了高度、速度、航迹角、极限航程表征的多维开伞窗口。在此基础上,设计了落点精度评价指标,提出了落点偏差最小的开伞控制策略。最后,结合火星着陆任务,对所提出的多维开伞窗口进行仿真。结果表明,多维开伞窗口能够兼顾安全开伞与精确着陆需求,可以通过控制开伞时机有效消除进入末段的待飞航程误差。

     

    Abstract: The parachute deployment condition during the terminal entry phase in Mars landing missions exhibits critical impact on landing precision. In this article, aiming at the requirements of safe parachute deployment and accurate landing, a multi-dimensional parachute deployment box for determining deployment condition during Mars landing is proposed. First, an extreme-range optimization model is established, synthesizing the dynamics and constraints of both parachute descent and powered descent phases. Then, on the basis of the two-dimensional altitude-velocity deployment box, a multi-dimensional parachute deployment box characterized by altitude, velocity, flight-path angle, and extreme range is constructed through the integration of extreme range information. Furthermore, an evaluation index for landing precision is formulated and a deployment control logic is proposed for minimizing landing deviation. Finally, the proposed deployment box is simulated in a Mars landing mission. The results demonstrate that the proposed box effectively satisfies safe deployment and landing precision demands, eliminating the range-to-go error at the terminal of the entry phase.

     

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