Abstract: Due to the long detection distance and complex space environment, deep-space exploration vehicles are severely constrained in terms of weight, volume, energy, and data transmission. Moreover, the traditional tightly coupled payload electronics integration method fails to meet the requirements of deep-space exploration. Against this backdrop, there is an urgent need for lightweight, miniaturized and highly integrated payload management units to achieve autonomous exploration management and robust radiation resistance protection. In this paper, a design scheme for a distributed and highly integrated payload management unit was proposed, which adopts a two-level architecture: the front-end payload signal processing unit is placed in close proximity to the payload detection front-end, enabling the acquisition and conversion of payload signals; the back-end payload information management unit, not restricted by installation location, undertakes the responsibilities of complex control and large-capacity storage. Its key innovative technologies, including distributed design, scalability, high integration, generalization, and intelligent data processing, provide a multi-dimensional integration solution for payloads. These technologies significantly enhance the adaptability and integration level of the payload system while making up for the shortcomings of traditional methods. When applied to future deep-space exploration missions, this unit can help humans deepen their understanding of the universe and provide key technical support for China’s deep space exploration.