Abstract: Based on the requirements on the structural and functional materials used for the construction of lunar base, this paper discusses the feasibility of using lunar soil to prepare corresponding fibers to achieve this ambitious goal, and the latest progress in this field is reviewed. The unique advantages and application prospects of lunar soil fibers for structural protection, survival and life support in the lunar bases are then analyzed. Finally, theoretical and technological issues for future research and breakthroughs in the development of lunar fibers are proposed, in an effort to promote the prosperity of this promising field in both fundamental and applied research.