Abstract: The application of light wave for deep space information transmission will have the advantages of smaller terminal volume,mass and low power consumption under the same data rate,and the receiving sensitivity is high during the transmission process. Because of the narrow beam width,it can make the energy centralized and reach a long transmission distance. Using light wave as the information carrier of deep space exploration will have the advantages that the microwave band does not have. The feasibility of technology is described, and the research status of the moon earth laser information transmission technology is summarized,providing a reference for the development and engineering application of deep space laser communication in China.