深空环境下热防护材料的研究及应用进展

Research and Development of Thermal Protection Materials Applied in Deep Space Exploration

摘要: 随着对太空探索的深入,空间飞行器所面临的环境也越趋恶劣:太空飞行过程中的高温羽流防护,高速返回再入过程中高温气动加热;长时间日光下飞行会使飞行器表面温度越来越高;一些星球上高温的大气环境导致人类现有制造飞行器的材料无法抵挡。本文搜集国内外先进热防护系统研究资料,了解重点发展方向,介绍了我国神舟飞船热防护材料以及已经开发出的新型轻质高效热防护材料,为我国今后用于恶劣环境下的飞行器材料提供一些信息和材料基础。

Abstract: With deeper exploration in space, environment becomes more harsh, such as high temperature engine plume protection during flying, aerodynamic heating during re-entry, sunshine heating the vehicle during long time flying, the materials used in vehicles failed in high temperature environment in some planets. In this paper, information about advanced thermal protection materials (TPM) in home and aboard was presented, such as TPM used in Shenzhou capsule and a kind of novel light-weight and high- efficient TPM used in Orion, which could serve the future vehicles worked in adverse environment.